PECAM1 (CD31) and CDH5 (VE-cadherin) are pan-endothelial markers confirming endothelial identity, while MECOM and ENPEP further support this. PROX1 is a transcription factor required for lymphatic endothelial cell specification and maintenance, and LYVE1 (lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1) is expressed on the surface of lymphatic endothelial cells and involved in hyaluronan uptake. Together these markers identify lymphatic ECs and distinguish them from capillary, arterial, and venous endothelial subtypes.
